Improving fire retardancy of medium density fiberboard by nano-wollastonite

The improving effects of addition of nano-wollastonite on some fire properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) were studied in this work. Nano-wollastonite was added at four levels (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). The size range of at least 70% of nano-wollastonite particles were 30 to 110 nm. The results showed statistically significant improving effect of nano-wollastonite on time to onset of ignition. The improving effect was primarily attributed to an increase in thermal conductivity of board containing nano-wollastonite. This increase in turn resulted in better curing of resin, and a higher integrity of fibers thereof. Moreover, nano-particles provided a surface with reduced combustibility and therefore, penetration of fire to the inner layers of boards was delayed, thus improving fire properties. High and significant correlations were found between thermal conductivity coefficients of boards with different fire properties. It was concluded that for applications where fire properties are of prime importance, nano-wollastonite content of 8% can be recommended. Moreover, further studies are needed to compare and standardize the results obtained from the apparatus used here with those obtained from internationally recognized apparatuses like cone calorimeter.     

火车轮模锻成形工艺及热处理换热系数测算

为研究火车轮在模锻成形过程中内部金属流动及淬火加热、踏面淬火中的换热系数和温度变化,利用有限元软件对其模锻成形及热处理过程进行数值模拟分析,并结合黄金分割优化法对综合换热系数进行了反传热计算。结果表明:模锻过程中,辐板与上模接触区域的等效应变最大,轮辋外侧变形相对较小,踏面附近区域变形较均匀;在淬火加热过程中,换热系数随工件表面温度升高而增加,当温度在500℃以下时,换热系数随温度的升高而快速增加,500℃以后,增速缓慢,800℃时,换热系数达0.15 kW·(m^2·℃)^-1;踏面淬火时,在700℃以下,随温度下降,换热系数迅速增大,300℃时达到峰值3.1 kW·(m2·℃)^-1,在250℃以下,换热系数稍有下降,100℃时换热系数为2.5 kW·(m2·℃)^-1。     

低黏度0W-16汽油机油减摩性能研究

目的 研究低黏度0W-16机油的减摩性能。方法 选取3种减摩剂MoDTC、GMO和油酸酰胺，分别按一定比例加入到0W-16基础油中，获得单剂油样，并选取2种0W-16全配方机油（A-1油和A-2油），利用SRV-IV试验机测试润滑油样的减摩性能和极压性能，利用傅立叶红外光谱仪和油料元素光谱分析仪分析机油油样结构，并利用3D光学表面轮廓仪表征缸套块磨痕形貌。结果 对于单剂油样，0W-16基础油分别加入MoDTC、GMO和油酸酰胺后，平均摩擦系数由0.198分别减小到0.088~0.116、0.167~0.178和0.179~0.194，缸套块磨痕平均深度由3.59 mm分别减小到0.44~0.52 mm、2.11~2.24 mm和3.19~3.44 mm。对于0W-16全配方机油，在摩擦润滑试验低温区，A-1油比A-2油摩擦系数低，随着温度升高，A-1油和A-2油的摩擦系数进一步减小；摩擦润滑试验后，A-1油和A-2油的缸套块磨痕平均深度分别为0.13 mm和0.18 mm。在极压试验中，A-1油和A-2油的极压值分别为1500 N和900 N。结论 在0W-16基础油中分别加入3种减摩剂后，MoDTC的减摩和抗磨作用最好，油酸酰胺的减摩和抗磨作用最差。对于0W-16全配方机油，在摩擦润滑试验低温区，A-1油中的无灰减摩剂和MoDTC产生协同作用，表现出更低的摩擦系数；随着温度升高，A-1油和A-2油中的ZDDP与MoDTC产生协同作用，进一步降低摩擦系数。在极压试验中，A-1油中的ZDDP与其他添加剂产生协同作用，表现出更大的极压值。添加剂之间的协同作用对油品节能性能产生重要影响。     

铜包石墨对酚醛树脂基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

目的 提高石墨与酚醛树脂的界面结合强度，改善酚醛树脂基复合材料的摩擦学性能。方法 用高温浸渗法制备铜包石墨，并制备铜包石墨-酚醛树脂基复合材料。通过摩擦磨损实验，研究铜包石墨对酚醛树脂基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响，并对比相同成分铜/石墨混合填充酚醛树脂基复合材料的摩擦学性能。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和光学显微镜对摩擦磨损表面进行分析，研究材料摩擦磨损机理。结果 石墨表面经过金属铜处理后，金属铜由分散的聚集态转变为附着态，制备的铜包石墨颗粒整体分散度高、形状好。铜包石墨-酚醛树脂基复合材料中石墨与基体界面结合紧密，保持了酚醛树脂的连续相结构，摩擦磨损表面相对平整，复合材料平均比磨损率为3.98×10^?6 mm³/(N.m)，瞬时摩擦系数波动幅度小，摩擦磨损机理以粘着磨损为主。相同成分制备的铜/石墨混合填充酚醛树脂基复合材料的界面结合度较差，摩擦磨损表面有较多裂痕，复合材料平均比磨损率为7.80×10^?6 mm³/(N.m)，瞬时摩擦系数波动幅度大，摩擦磨损机理以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主。结论 石墨通过表面金属铜处理，不仅能提高与基体界面结合强度，还能同时有效提高酚醛树脂基复合材料的耐磨性能和摩擦稳定性。     

W掺杂对Nb固溶体抗氢脆及透氢性能的改性研究

元素掺杂是消除Nb金属氢脆问题的有效方法。本文制备了W掺杂的Nb100-xWx (x=2,5,8,10,16)合金，采用XRD、SEM、Sieverts 气体吸附技术、电化学方法和三点弯曲试验研究了掺杂量对合金结构、氢化物形成焓、氢扩散系数和抗氢脆机械力学性能的影响。研究证实，熔炼制备Nb100-xWx为Nb-bcc结构的固溶体合金，W掺杂引起晶体结构畸变收缩，其畸变行为随掺杂量增大更为明显。Nb基固溶体在匀晶转变时存在非平衡转变，形成富W和贫W区相间分散的枝状结晶形貌。随W掺杂量增大，其枝状结构趋于更加细化和致密、分界明显。W掺杂引起合金的氢化物形成焓增大、有利于H原子的释放，Nb84W16合金样品具有最大的氢扩散系数（1.66×10-9 cm2·s-1），约是Nb98W2合金的1.8倍。W掺杂提高Nb100-xWx固溶体合金的抗氢脆性能，Nb84W16合金膜有最大的临界载荷值（78.4N）和最大位移量（0.83mm），分别是Nb98W2合金膜的1.9倍和1.8倍，力学性能的改善与其枝状结晶结构有关。     

高导热高介电BT/SiC/PA6复合材料的制备及性能研究

以聚酰胺(PA6)为基体,氮化硅(SiC)为导热填料,钛酸钡(BT)为介电填料,通过热压法制备出系列复合材料;研究了不同粒径填料的搭配对材料导热与介电性能的影响。结果表明:在填充量较低时,使用混合粒径导热填料能产生一定的级配效应,从而提高复合材料的导热性能。总填充量为26%时,以4∶1的比例,用粒径为0.5~0.7μm和3μm的SiC共同填充PA6,制备获得了最高导热系数为0.9198W/(m·K)的复合材料,而不同粒径、不同功能的混合功能填料还能产生协同效应,进一步提升材料的导热性能并使材料同时获得较好的介电性能,当SiC填充量为20%,BT填充量为20%时,复合材料的导热系数达到1.1110W/(m·K),介电常数到达16(100Hz),损耗保持在0.075(100Hz)左右。     

Surface wettability and flow properties of non-metallic pipes in laminar flow

In this paper, three liquids flowing in five pipes with the same inner diameter of 14 mm were studied to determine the relationship between the surface wettability and flow properties in laminar flow(Re b 2000). This was motivated by oilfield observations of increased pressure drops in non-metallic pipes compared to those in metal pipes,which was contrary to expectations. A new expression for the frictional coefficient that considers the Reynolds number and contact angle θ in laminar flow for non-metallic pipes was proposed based on the experimental results of single-phase flow using dimension and regression analyses. The solutions of the anomalous phenomenon were proposed from the perspectives of the pipe diameter, contact-angle difference, and the compatibility between flexible composite pipe and JLHW105 oil according to the new formula. The surprising finding was that the surface wettability could control the frictional resistance by the critical contact angle(39.9°) obtained at the same Reynolds number. If 0° b θ≤ 39.9°, the frictional coefficient increased as the contact angle increased. In contrast, if 39.9° b θ b 180°,the frictional coefficient decreased with increasing contact angle. The influences of the pipe diameter and contactangle difference on the pressure drop difference of JLHW105 oil showed an inversely proportional relation. A series of materials and liquids were tested. The selection of pipe material for transporting a given fluid can be based on the contact angle, surface tension, and critical limit of the contact angle obtained. The research results are expected to provide some guidelines for the selection of the appropriate pipe material for a given set of fluids.     

离子液体的溶液热力学模型研究进展

离子液体是近年来发展起来的一种绿色介质，在化工反应和分离过程中具有广泛的应用前景。离子液体的溶液热力学性质和相平衡数据是其相关工艺过程设计的基础。本文从如下几个方面综述了离子液体溶液热力学模型的研究进展，即溶液热力学研究方法、溶液热力学模型的构建、离子液体的结构和分子间作用力、离子液体的溶液热力学模型及其在相平衡计算中的应用。重点分析了适用于离子液体溶液热力学性质计算的状态方程模型和过量Gibbs自由能模型或活度系数模型，离子液体的电解质和非电解质溶液模型，以及这些模型对ILs结构、氢键和静电作用的处理方法。分析了这些模型的优缺点，并对今后离子液体的溶液热力学研究提出了建议。     

Experimental and numerical assessment of energy absorption capacity of thin-walled Al 5083 tube produced by PTCAP process

The energy absorption capacity of the Al5083 thin-walled tube produced by parallel tubular angular pressing (PTCAP) process was evaluated. Also, microstructure, mechanical properties, and anisotropy coefficients were studied in the peripheral and axial directions. Results showed that values of energy absorption decreased with processing pass increasing and the values for the unprocessed, first and second passes were obtained to be 167, 161.4 and 160.7 J, respectively. The differences between the simulation results for the energy absorption values and their experimental values for the unprocessed, the first and the second PTCAP passes samples are about 5%, 10%, and 13%, respectively. The energy absorption capacity was related to the anisotropy coefficient and microstructure. The results demonstrated that grain refinement occurred and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness after the first and second PTCAP passes were enhanced, while the increase rate in the first pass was much severer. Also, by applying PTCAP, the deformation modes were altered, such that the deformation mode of the annealed tube was quite symmetrical and circular while for the first and second passes there have been triple and double lobes diamond. The results of the numerical simulation for the deformation mode of the annealed and PTCAPed tubes were consistent with the experimental results. The deformation mode of tubes is dependent on their mechanical properties and variation of the mechanical properties during PTCAP process.     

Study on inhomogeneous cooling behavior of extruded profile with unequal and large thicknesses during quenching using thermo-mechanical coupling model

The interfacial heat transfer coefficient between hot profile surface and cooling water was determined by using inverse heat conduction model combined with end quenching experiment. Then, a Deform-3D thermo-mechanical coupling model for simulating the on-line water quenching of extruded profile with unequal and large thicknesses was developed. The temperature field, residual stress field and distortion of profile during quenching were investigated systematically. The results show that heat transfer coefficient increases as water flow rate increases. The peak heat transfer coefficient with higher water flow rates appears at lower interface temperatures. The temperature distribution across the cross-section of profile during quenching is severe nonuniform and the maximum temperature difference is 300 °C at quenching time of 3.49 s. The temperature difference through the thickness of different parts of profile first increases sharply to a maximum value, and then gradually decreases. The temperature gradient increases obviously with the increase of thickness of parts. After quenching, there exist large residual stresses on the inner side of joints of profile and the two ends of part with thickness of 10 mm. The profile presents a twisting-type distortion across the cross-section under non-uniform cooling and the maximum twisting angle during quenching is 2.78°.